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Grigori Yefimovich Rasputin (21 January 1869 – 30 December 1916) was a Russian mystic and self-proclaimed holy man who befriended the family of Nicholas II, the last emperor of Russia, and gained considerable influence in late imperial Russia.
Fear naofa miotasach agus féinfhógartha Rúiseach ab ea Grigori Yefimovich Rasputin (21 Eanáir 1869 – 30 Nollaig 1916) a rinne cairdeas le teaghlach Nicholas II, impire deireanach na Rúise, agus a fuair tionchar nach beag sa Rúis impiriúil dhéanach.
Rise to prominence.
Éirigh go feiceálach.
Makary, Bishop Theofan and Rasputin Word of Rasputins activity and charisma began to spread in Siberia during the early 1900s.
Thosaigh gníomhaíocht agus carisma Makary, Bishop Theofan agus Rasputin Word de Rasputin ag scaipeadh sa tSibéir go luath sna 1900idí.
At some point during 1904 or 1905, he traveled to the city of Kazan, where he acquired a reputation as a wise and perceptive starets, or holy man, who could help people resolve their spiritual crises and anxieties.
Ag pointe éigin i rith 1904 nó 1905, thaistil sé go cathair Kazan, áit ar ghnóthaigh sé cáil mar starets críonna, aireach, nó mar dhuine naofa, a d’fhéadfadh cabhrú le daoine a ngéarchéimeanna agus a n-imní spioradálta a réiteach.
Despite rumors that Rasputin was having sex with some of his female followers, he made a favorable impression on the father superior of the Seven Lakes Monastery outside Kazan, as well as a local church officials Archimandrite Andrei and Bishop Chrysthanos, who gave him a letter of recommendation to Bishop Sergei, the rector of the Saint Petersburg Theological Seminary at the Alexander Nevsky Monastery, and arranged for him to travel to Saint Petersburg.
In ainneoin ráflaí go raibh Rasputin ag gnéas le cuid dá leanúna mná, rinne sé tuiscint fhabhrach ar athair níos fearr i Mainistir Seven Lakes taobh amuigh de Kazan, chomh maith le hoifigigh eaglaise áitiúla Archimandrite Andrei agus an tEaspag Chrysthanos, a thug litir dó moladh don Easpag Sergei, reachtaire Seimineár Diagachta Saint Petersburg ag Mainistir Alexander Nevsky, agus shocraigh sé taisteal go Saint Petersburg.
Upon meeting Sergei at the Nevsky Monastery, Rasputin was introduced to church leaders, including Archimandrite Theofan, who was the inspector of the theological seminary, was well-connected in Saint Petersburg society, and later served as confessor to the tsar and his wife.
Ar chruinniú le Sergei ag Mainistir Nevsky, cuireadh Rasputin in aithne do cheannairí eaglaise, lena n-áirítear Archimandrite Theofan, a bhí ina chigire ar an seimineár diagachta, bhí nasc maith aige i sochaí Saint Petersburg, agus ina dhiaidh sin d’fhóin sé mar admháil ar an tsar agus a bhean chéile.
Theofan was so impressed with Rasputin that he invited him to stay in his home.
Bhí Rasofin chomh tógtha sin le Theofan gur thug sé cuireadh dó fanacht ina theach.
Theofan became one of Rasputins most important and influential friends in Saint Petersburg, and gained him entry to many of the influential salons where the aristocracy gathered for religious discussions.
Tháinig Theofan ar cheann de na cairde ba thábhachtaí agus ba mhó tionchar ag Rasputin i Saint Petersburg, agus fuair sé iontráil dó i go leor de na salons tionchair inar chruinnigh an uaisleacht le haghaidh díospóireachtaí reiligiúnacha.
It was through these meetings that Rasputin attracted some of his early and influential followers – many of whom would later turn against him.
Is trí na cruinnithe seo a mheall Rasputin cuid dá leanúna luatha agus tionchair – a mbeadh go leor acu ag dul ina choinne ina dhiaidh sin.
Alternative religious movements such as spiritualism and theosophy had become popular among the citys aristocracy before Rasputins arrival in Saint Petersburg, and many of the aristocracy were intensely curious about the occult and the supernatural.
Bhí tóir ar ghluaiseachtaí reiligiúnacha malartacha ar nós spioradáltacht agus teosophy i measc uaisleacht na cathrach sular tháinig Rasputin go Saint Petersburg, agus bhí go leor de na huaisle an-aisteach faoin asarlaíochta agus an osnádúrtha.
Rasputins ideas and “stranger manners” made him the subject of intense curiosity among Saint Petersburgs elite, who according to historian Joseph Fuhrmann were “bored, cynical, and seeking new experiences” during this period.
De bharr smaointe Rasputin agus “béasa strainséirí” bhí sé ina ábhar fiosracht dhian i measc mionlach Saint Petersburg, a bhí, de réir an staraí Joseph Fuhrmann, “leamh, ciniciúil, agus ag iarraidh eispéiris nua” le linn na tréimhse seo.
His appeal may have been enhanced by the fact that he was also a native Russian, unlike other self-described “holy men” such as Nizier Anthelme Philippe and Gérard Encausse, who had previously been popular in Saint Petersburg.
B’fhéidir gur cuireadh feabhas ar a achomharc toisc gur Rúiseach dúchais é freisin, murab ionann agus “fir naofa” féin-thuairiscithe eile mar Nizier Anthelme Philippe agus Gérard Encausse, a raibh tóir orthu i Saint Petersburg roimhe seo.
According to Joseph T.
Dar le Joseph T.
Fuhrmann, Rasputin stayed in Saint Petersburg for only a few months on his first visit and returned to Pokrovskoye in the fall of 1903.
Níor fhan Fuhrmann, Rasputin i Saint Petersburg ach cúpla mí ar a chéad chuairt agus d’fhill sé ar Pokrovskoye i dtréimhse 1903.
Historian Douglas Smith, however, argues that it is impossible to know whether Rasputin stayed in Saint Petersburg or returned to Pokrovskoye at some point between his first arrival there and 1905.
Áitíonn an staraí Douglas Smith, áfach, go bhfuil sé dodhéanta fios a bheith agat ar fhan Rasputin i Saint Petersburg nó ar fhill sé ar Pokrovskoye ag pointe éigin idir a chéad theacht ann agus 1905.
Regardless, by 1905 Rasputin had formed friendships with several members of the aristocracy, including the “Black Princesses”, Militsa and Anastasia of Montenegro, who had married the tsars cousins (Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich and Prince George Maximilianovich Romanowsky), and were instrumental in introducing Rasputin to the tsar and his family.
Ainneoin, faoi 1905 bhí cairdeas déanta ag Rasputin le roinnt ball den uaisle, lena n-áirítear na “Black Princesses”, Militsa agus Anastasia Mhontainéagró, a phós col ceathracha an tsar (Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich agus Prince George Maximilianovich Romanowsky), agus bhí siad lárnach i ag tabhairt Rasputin isteach don tsar agus dá theaghlach.
Rasputin first met the tsar on 1 November 1905, at the Peterhof Palace.
Bhuail Rasputin an tsar den chéad uair an 1 Samhain 1905, i bPálás Peterhof.
The tsar recorded the event in his diary, writing that he and Alexandra had “made the acquaintance of a man of God – Grigory, from Tobolsk province”.
Thaifead an tsar an ócáid ina dhialann, ag scríobh go ndearna sé féin agus Alexandra “aithne ar fhear Dé – Grigory, as cúige Tobolsk”.
Rasputin returned to Pokrovskoye shortly after their first meeting and did not return to Saint Petersburg until July 1906.
D’fhill Rasputin ar Pokrovskoye go gairid tar éis a gcéad chruinnithe agus níor fhill sé ar ais go Saint Petersburg go dtí Iúil 1906.
On his return, Rasputin sent Nicholas a telegram asking to present the tsar with an icon of Simeon of Verkhoturye.
Ar fhilleadh dó, sheol Rasputin teileagram chuig Nicholas ag iarraidh go dtabharfaí deilbhín de Simeon de Verkhoturye don tsar.
He met with Nicholas and Alexandra on 18 July and again in October, when he first met their children.
Bhuail sé le Nicholas agus Alexandra an 18 Iúil agus arís i mí Dheireadh Fómhair, nuair a bhuail sé lena leanaí den chéad uair.
At some point, the royal family became convinced that Rasputin possessed the power to heal Alexei, but historians disagree over when: according to Orlando Figes, Rasputin was first introduced to the tsar and tsarina as a healer who could help their son in November 1905, while Joseph Fuhrmann has speculated that it was in October 1906 that Rasputin was first asked to pray for the health of Alexei.
Ag pointe éigin, tháinig an teaghlach ríoga cinnte go raibh an chumhacht ag Rasputin Alexei a leigheas, ach easaontaíonn staraithe nuair: de réir Orlando Figes, tugadh Rasputin isteach don tsar agus don tsarina den chéad uair mar leigheasóir a d’fhéadfadh cabhrú lena mac i mí na Samhna 1905, cé go ndearna Joseph Fuhrmann tuairimíocht gur i nDeireadh Fómhair 1906 a iarradh ar Rasputin guí ar dtús ar son sláinte Alexei.